Willis's Current Notes, No. 16, April 1852
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Title: Willis's Current Notes, No. 16, April 1852

Editor: George Willis

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WILLIS'S CURRENT NOTES
FOR THE MONTH.

No. XVI.]               "I will make a prief of it in my Note-Book."—Shakspere.               [April, 1852.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS

To the "Price Current of Literature."

G. Willis gratefully acknowledges the various interesting documents and letters he has received. He is anxious that it should be perfectly understood that he is not the author of any statement, representation, or opinion, that may appear in his "Current Notes," which are merely selections from communications made to him in the course of his business, and which appear to him to merit attention. Every statement therefore is open to correction or discussion, and the writers of the several paragraphs should be considered as alone responsible for their assertions. Although many notes have hitherto appeared anonymously, or with initial letters, yet wherever a serious contradiction is involved, G. Willis trusts that his Correspondents will feel the necessity of allowing him to make use of their names when properly required.

The Ancient Hebrew Harp.

Sir,—In Kitto's Biblical Cyclopædia, vol. 2. p. 373, we find the following coin, on which is engraved an ancient harp surrounded by the letters, Fllth Chtr Phl, which may be construed thus:—

'The Felatah Cithara of Pul.'

After referring the readers of "Current Notes" to the "London Encyclopædia," word Falasha, and Prichard's Physical History of Mankind, vol. 1, "On the Races of People in the Interior of Africa," let us have recourse to Etymology for a further elucidation of this singular coin, and the Semi-Jewish tribe whose name it bears.

Felatah.—Hebrew פלט phalat, which by comparison with its cognates signifies, to separate from, retire into, (another country); and with its affix פלטה phalatah, or Felatah, signifying evasio, liberatio, residuum, &c.

Cithara.—Greek κιθαρα. Hebrew and Chaldee חטר chatar, a stick, (plectrum), to beat with a stick; therefore the instrument cannot be the עשׂוֹר asor, decachordon; but properly, I think, the harp or lyre that was beaten with the plectrum.

Pul.—Hebrew פול phul, or Pul, (Isaiah lxvi. 19.) "Africa, ea pars quæ apud Fesam."

Such is the value of rightly interpreting the ancient coins of various nations.

Yours truly,
T. R. Brown.

Southwick, Oundle, March 27th, 1852.

ARCHÆOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS.

In compliance with the wish very generally expressed by G. W.'s Subscribers and Correspondents, particularly by S. E. ("Current Notes" for March, p. 22,) G. W. has collected the titles of the chief Archæological publications in England, and in France and Germany. The former he believes to be nearly correct, but the latter is necessarily very imperfect, with the exception of the North of France. Very few foreign Antiquarian publications find their way to this country, as reference to the libraries of the British Museum and the Society of Antiquaries will prove.

Publications of Antiquarian Societies, etc. in England and in France.

"Archæologia" of the Society of Antiquaries of London. Part I. Vol. XXXIV. 4to. 1851. Half a volume published yearly.

"Vetusta Monumenta" of the same Society; suspended for some five or six years, folio.

"Proceedings of," in 8vo. published for the Fellows, quarterly, Vol. II. No. 29, 1852.

Catalogue of the Kerrich Collection of Roman Coins, 8vo. 1852.

"Archæologia Æliana" of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Vol. IV. Part 1, 4to. 1846.

This work has been suspended since 1846.

Archæologia Scotica of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, suspended for many years, or, it may be said, defunct; it extends only to Part II. Vol. IV. 1833.

Journal of the British Archæological Association, Vol. VII. 8vo. complete, 1852.

Archæological Journal of the Archæological Institute, Vol. VIII. 8vo. complete, 1852.

(Vol. 1 of this work was compiled chiefly by Members of the Association, and records the Proceedings of the original institution before the secession and formation of the Institute.)

Sussex Archæological Collections, published by the Sussex Archæological Society, Vol. IV. 8vo. 1851.

Original Papers, published by the Norfolk and Norwich Archæological Society, Vol. III. Part 3. 8vo. 1852.

Proceedings of the Bury and West Suffolk Archæological Institute, established 1848, Vol. I. Part 5. 8vo. 1851.

Proceedings and Papers of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, Vol. II. Part 1. 8vo. 1851.

"Archæologia Cambriensis," and Journal of the Cambrian Archæological Association, Vol. III. (new series) Part 2. 1852.

Journal of the Chester and Cheshire Architectural Archæological Society, Vol. I. Part 1. 8vo. 1850.

Proceedings of the Kilkenny Archæological Society?

Museum of Classical Antiquities, Part I. Vol. II. 8vo. 1852.

Collectanea Antiqua (by C. Roach Smith,) Part IX. Vol. II. 8vo. 1852.

Reliquiæ Antiquæ Eboracenses, (by W. Bowman,) Part II. 4to. Leeds, 1852.

Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society, Vol. XV. No. 1, 1852.

There are numerous other local Societies in England, but as they have never printed any proceedings they can scarcely be regarded as more than nominally Archæological Societies.

Foreign Societies, etc.

Society of Antiquaries of France, Proceedings, (Bulletin Monumental), 8vo. annually to 1851.

Society of Antiquaries of Normandy (Caen) Mémoires, 2e Série, 9e Vol. 4to. (Vol. XIX of the Collection,) 1852.

Society of Antiquaries of Picardy (Amiens,) Vol. XI. 8vo. 1851.

Society of Antiquaries of the West (Poitiers), Vol. XVIII. 8vo. 1848.

Society of Antiquaries of the Morini (St. Omer), Vol. VIII. 8vo. 1850.

Society of Emulation of Abbeville, Vol. VI. 8vo. 1851.

Société E'duenne des Lettres, Sciences et Arts, (Autun), Vol. II. 8vo. 1849.

Society for Historical Researches, etc. of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, Vol. III. 4to. 1847.

Revue Numismatique (quarterly), commenced in 1836, 8vo. This work is very valuable, not only for the excellent papers it contains, but also for the numerous illustrations. Edited by MM. E. Cartier and de la Saussaye.

Revue Archéologique (quarterly), commenced in 1844. 8vo. Leleux, Paris—Curt, London. Also a valuable periodical.

Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Alterthumskunde und Geschichtsforschung (Wiesbaden), 8 vols. 8vo. to 1850.

Zeitschrift des Vereins zur Erforschung der Rheinischen Geschichte u. Alterthümer in Mainz, (Mayence), in 8vo. and 4to. 1850.

Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande, No. XVI. 8vo. 1851. Bonn.

Geschichte der vormaligen freien adeligen Benedictiner-Abtei Sunnesheim von Karl Wilhelmi, from 1831 to 1851, in 8vo. Sinsheim.

Most of these German publications are in thin yearly volumes without indices.

The Learned Societies and Printing Clubs of the United Kingdom, as existing in 1847, have been classified in an 8vo. volume of 307 pages, by the Rev. Dr. Hume, to which those who require information respecting their Origin, History, Objects, and Constitution, are referred. It contains full details as to Membership, Fees, their published Works, Notices of their Periods and Places of Meeting, with a General Introduction, and a good Index. As a book of reference, it is absolutely necessary for all public libraries.

The Origin of Yankee Doodle.—The "Transcript," (American paper), of 28th February last, contains the following pungent verses respecting

The Origin of Yankee Doodle,
AFTER THE MANNER OF THE OLD CONTINENTAL BALLAD
WRITERS, BY GEORGE P. MORRIS, ESQ.

Once on a time old Johnny Bull,
Flew in a raging fury,
And swore that Jonathan should have
No trials, sir, by jury:
That no elections should be held,
Across the briny waters:
"And now," says he, "I'll tax the tea
Of all his sons and daughters,"
Then down he sat in burly state,
And blustered like a grandee,
And in derision made a tune
Called "Yankee Doodle dandy."
"Yankee Doodle"—these are facts—
"Yankee doodle dandy:
"My son of wax, your tea I'll tax—
"Yankee doodle dandy."

John sent the tea from o'er the sea
With heavy duties rated;
But whether hyson or bohea,
I never heard it stated.
Then Jonathan to pout began—
He laid a strong embargo—
"I'll drink no tea, by Jove!" so he
Threw overboard the cargo.
Then Johnny sent a regiment,
Big words and looks to bandy,
Whose martial band, when near the land,
Play'd "Yankee doodle dandy."
"Yankee doodle—keep it up!
"Yankee doodle dandy!
"I'll poison with a tax your cup,
"Yankee doodle dandy."

A long war then they had, in which
John was at last defeated—
And "Yankee doodle" was the march
To which his troops retreated.
Cute Jonathan, to see them fly,
Could not restrain his laughter:
"That tune," says he, "suits to a T,
I'll sing it ever after."
Old Johnny's face, to his disgrace,
Was flushed with beer and brandy,
E'en while he swore to sing no more,
This "Yankee doodle dandy."
"Yankee doodle—ho! ha! he!
"Yankee doodle dandy—
"We kept the tune, but not the tea,
"Yankee doodle dandy."

I've told you now the origin
Of this most lively ditty,
Which Johnny Bull dislikes as "dull
And stupid!"—what a pity!
With "Hail Columbia!" it is sung,
In chorus full and hearty—
On land and main, we breathe the strain,
John made for his tea-party.
No matter how we rhyme the words,
The music speaks them handy,
And where's the fair can't sing the air,
Of "Yankee doodle dandy!"
"Yankee doodle—firm and true—
"Yankee doodle dandy—
"Yankee doodle, doodle doo!
"Yankee doodle dandy."

Lord Mahon and General Greene and La Fayette.—C. F. D. presents his compliments to Mr. Willis, and with reference to the fifth paragraph headed "Scraps from the United States," which appeared in "Current Notes" for February last, p. 13, forwards him the following communication, which from the initials he presumes is from the pen of Mr. Hildreth, the historian:—

"The fifth and sixth volumes of Lord Mahon's History of England from the peace of Utrecht, have for a leading subject the early years of the American Revolutionary War. Writing from the English point of view, the proceedings of Parliament and the English side of the story naturally form the foreground of the picture, while the affairs of the colonies themselves—certainly the most interesting as well as the most important, not for Americans only, but for all historical students—fall into a distant perspective. The American part of Lord Mahon's book is very slight in its execution, made up mostly of anecdotes and extracts of letters, good as illustrations, but hardly as substance; indicating often but a superficial knowledge on the part of the writer, and conveying to the reader no distinct or connected idea of the American side of the story. With a great show of candour, 'My Lord' also evinces throughout a somewhat anxious desire to depreciate the 'rebels.' Thus Franklin is pursued with pitiful but persevering rancour, charged with falsehood and duplicity, because he, like most of the other Americans of that day, arrived at the point of separation and independence only by gradual steps; because his opinions and views of 1769 and 1775 did not correspond altogether with those of 1795; and because he appears to have spoken—as what was more natural?—with somewhat more of freedom and with greater dislike of the British connexion among his intimate associates than when addressing himself to the British ministry or to British statesmen.

A curious instance of this sort of spitefulness, which constantly exhibits itself throughout the book, occurs in the case of Gen. Greene, of whom Lord Mahon writes: "The command of this important post (Brooklyn) was entrusted by Washington to Gen. Greene, an officer of bravery and enterprise, 'but of intemperate habits;' and he adds, in a note, 'Greene, un général souvent ivre.' These are the words of La Fayette; Mém. et Corresp. Vol. I. p. 21, ed. 1837." The edition in the original French here quoted is not at hand, but in that published the same year at New York and London, in England, and like the French edition under authority of La Fayette's representatives, the entire passage above referred to, reads as follows: After an account of the appearance of the American army as first seen by La Fayette in the summer of 1777—about 11,000 men, ill armed, and still worse clothed, and very deficient in tactics, La Fayette adds: 'Lord Stirling, more courageous than judicious, another General who was often intoxicated, and Greene, whose talents were only then known to his intimate friends, commanded as Major Generals.' The other General here referred to was Stephen, who was cashiered not long after on that very ground, for his misbehaviour at the Battle of Germantown. And as there can scarcely be a doubt that this version gives the correct sense of the French original, there is room for apprehension that Lord Mahon is not only incorrect in giving only a part of a sentence, thus putting into La Fayette's mouth what he never said, but that even the order of the words has been changed, the name of Greene being removed from the end to the beginning of the quotation. Upon this point I will add something further, so soon as I can obtain the French original."

H. H.

The Sale of Antiquities, &c. which took place at Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson's rooms, on the 5th of this month, and two following days, although one made up by the dealers in such articles, attracted considerable attention, and many things, if not bought in, realised considerable prices; the total produce of the sale being, it is said, upwards of twelve hundred pounds.

fig. 1.

fig. 2.

In the first and third day's sale several lots of articles, well known to Archæologists as Celts, and of which the usual appearance may be recognised from figures 1 and 2, sold on the average for about half-a-crown each. A large quantity of antique gems—none of any extraordinary merit—in modern setting of gold, ranged from about ten shillings to two guineas each. There were some specimens of Irish ring money, which sold or were bought in at very high prices; and some appeared to have been tampered with, if not manufactured for the market.

The second day's sale contained many good Etruscan and Roman bronzes. A Winged Victory (Lot 222) was knocked down at £5. A Lamp with the original chain for suspension (Lot 238) at £5. 8s. An Etruscan stew-pan (Lot 256) at £5. 10s. And the Leg of a Roman Warrior, the foot sandalled (Lot 234) at £7. 7s. But the great object of the day was (Lot 266) a bronze figure of an Archer, which was stated to have been discovered in July, 1842, while excavating for making a sewer in Queen Street, Cheapside, London, and which, if standing erect, would have been fifteen inches, but in its stooping posture the perpendicular height was about eleven inches. It has been described and figured in the Archæologia, vol. xxx. plate xxii. p. 544.

This really fine work of art was put up at 30 guineas, and, after a slight struggle, knocked down to Purnell B. Purnell, Esq., of Stancombe Park, Dursley, Gloucestershire for 125. The Etruscan fictile vases sold for about as many shillings as forty years ago they would have brought pounds, but the miscellaneous articles brought extraordinarily high prices. Two Necklaces of common Venetian beads (Lots 351 and 357) worth about half-a-crown each, were eagerly contended for, and the hammer fell at £2. 6s. The second day's sale closed with a struggle for various gold Etruscan fibulæ and ornaments, which went at high prices, and it was understood in the room that an Etruscan gold necklace, with a head of Medusa attached, was bought in at no less a sum than £50.

The third day's sale was less attractive. An exceedingly curious Lamp in bronze (Lot 470), of oval form, with four burners issuing from the sides, the handle formed of figures of grotesque animals, and stated to have been found near London Bridge, produced four guineas. There were a few (eight) illuminated Manuscripts, but none sold for extravagant prices. An Etruscan gold wreath, composed of masks and foliage worn round the helmet, from the Canino Collection (Lot 529) was secured by T. Crofton Croker, Esq., for £19. 10s. With the disposal of some Shaksperian relics this very miscellaneous sale closed, but they did not appear to be much coveted.

There were some fine and many desirable specimens, with a few of very doubtful character, and some unquestionable forgeries. The Earl Cadogan, Sir Gardiner Wilkinson, Dr. Henderson, and other amateurs of Art and Archæology, seemed to watch the progress of the sale with considerable interest.

N.

The Golden Lion, Fulham, "should not," writes G.W.'s Correspondent, T. C. C. "be confounded with the Golden Lion, Brompton, the exterior decoration of which was figured in 'Current Notes,' No. III. for March, 1851, p. 22, with a facetious reference to Sir Charles Eastlake's speech at the Macready dinner." And it appears to G. W.'s Correspondent that T. M. in "Current Notes" for March last, No. XV. p. 19, and the Rev. Dr. Hume, of Liverpool, February, No. XIV. p. 10, are both in an unnecessary "fume" about what easily admits of explanation; if, indeed, the history of an old tobacco pipe required one. "Suppose," says T. M. "that I was in a hoaxing humour, and that no such Inn ever existed at Fulham as the Golden Lion?" "Now," continues our Correspondent, "I may as well suppose that no such person ever existed as T. M., but to prove that such an Inn existed at Fulham as the Golden Lion, I send you a series of twelve sketches which were presented to me by Mr. Henry Warren, the President of the New Society of Watercolour Painters, and which were made of and in it in April, 1836, previous to the old hostelrie being pulled down and replaced by a modern public house bearing the same name. You have my permission to engrave any one or two of these studies, and I have been assured that the oak panneling of some of the principal rooms was purchased by a dealer, and re-sold to the Earl of Ellenborough for the fitting of his Lordship's residence, Southam House, Cheltenham."

Availing himself of this permission, G. W. has caused first to be engraved the Chimney Piece of the back room, ground floor, South side, and opposite the Chimney Piece, back room, first floor, as characteristic specimens of this curious old house.

Formation of the Union Jack.

Esplanade, Sidmouth, March 27th, 1852.

Sir,—The annexed may possibly be of use to H. M. in your "Current Notes" for March, but I am not able to refer to the work from which it is taken.

Yours obediently,
W. G. Clarke.

Mr. Willis.

St. George's red cross on a white ground, and St. Andrew's white cross (diagonally) on a blue ground. In 1800, St. Patrick's red cross, on a white ground, was added.

The flag should be constructed to shew the three crosses distinctly.

The Union Jack.

Yarmo, March 29th. 1852.

Sir,—"H. M." of the March "Current Notes," p. 20, enquires "the formation of our British Union Jack." To describe it in heraldic terms is as follows: Az. a cross saltire argent encalved gules; over all a common cross, the same as first. I believe there are no given rules as to its proportion. This appears to be the best, viz. the breadth three-fourths of the length. But the inclosed, forwarded to H. M., will suffice for all.[A]

W.

The Union Jack and Monumental Brasses.

11, Montpelier Square, Brompton,
March 28th, 1852.

Sir,—Your Correspondent, H. M. will find a very curious history of the origin and formation of the Union Jack in Brayley's "Graphic Illustrator:" it is written by the late Sir Harris Nicolas, and the "absurd arrangement" of the National Flag elucidated by nine heraldic woodcuts.

Perhaps you will permit me to embrace this opportunity of saying a few words on the abstraction of Monumental Brasses from churches, which has attracted the attention of some of your Correspondents lately; one of whom throws the blame almost wholly on "the sectarian soldiers of Cromwell's time."[B] I am not desirous of defending these men, but I am desirous that modern Churchwardens should not screen their neglect by such an excuse. A slight research among our topographical works will prove, that a very large abstraction and destruction of such memorials has taken place in comparatively recent times. In the introduction to Cotman's "Brasses of Norfolk and Suffolk," he notes that "in 1800 the chancel of Ingham was completely swept of all its beautiful memorials of the Stapleton family. They were sold as old metal, and it was commonly reported by whom they were bought and sold; but nobody sought to recover them; neither minister nor churchwarden cared for any of these things." The beautiful brass (engraved in this same work) of Robert Attelath, Mayor of Lynn in 1374, was about forty years ago "given out of the church by the Churchwardens to a person who sold it for five shillings to a brass founder." The collection of rubbings from Brasses made about the same time and bequeathed to the British Museum by the late Francis Douce, present several since destroyed. The Journal of the Archæological Association narrates the fact of several removed from a country church because their rivets became loose, and "tripped up the old women who came to the fore seats in the aisle." I remember several instances of Brasses thus loosened, taken up and thrown in vestries or belfries, until they were sufficiently forgotten to be carried out and sold to the metal-founder. Some few Antiquaries have argued that they are better taken care of in their museums than thus exposed to destruction; and churchwardens being willing "to get rid of the ugly old things," many have disappeared this way. Let me, however, record one instance of honourable restitution. The effigy of an armed knight, of the Bacon family, (temp. Edw. I.) in Gorleston Church, Suffolk, engraved by Cotman, "in 1810 was gone, and supposed to be irretrievably lost; but at the sale of Mr. Craven Ord's curiosities, it was purchased by John Gage, Esq., who, with correct feeling and good taste, gave it back to the church, and Dawson Turner, Esq., at his expense, had it replaced in its original position." Surely, the soldiers of Cromwell have sins enough to answer for, without heaping those of modern Churchwardens on their heads.

I am, Sir, yours very truly,
F. W. Fairholt.

Mr. G. Willis.

Monumental Brasses of Lincolnshire.

The Lincolnshire Architectural Society propose to superintend the publication of the most interesting Monumental Brasses of that County. The work to be comprised in 12 parts, containing about five plates each; and published at intervals of two months: with a small volume of descriptive letter-press at the close of the series.

Brasses from the following churches (among others) will be included in this series:—Barton, Boston, Buslingthorpe, Great Coates, Croft, Covenham, Grainthorpe, Gunby, Hainton, Irnham, South Kelsey, Linwood, South Ormsby, Spilsby, Tattershall, Wrangle, &c.

The Rev. F. P. Lowe, Saltfleetby, Louth, is the Hon. Sec. of the Lincolnshire Architectural Society. But the work will not be issued till a sufficient number of subscribers, at £1 4s, or at about 6d per plate, has been obtained to ensure the Society against any loss.

Archæological Societies, and their Works.

Northampton, March 14th, 1852.

Sir,—I am rather amused (see p. 12 "Current Notes" for February last) at the apparent strength of Architectural Science in the Midland Counties. There are, it seems, four Societies, and in one year they publish almost one volume! If four Societies can only produce one "handsome octavo volume" in so long a period, I should suggest their dissolving themselves, and let some one active and competent member do the work. The truth is, half of these Societies are merely architectural Mrs. Harrises—talked about, but seldom or never seen. One liberal man, who would give a couple of hundred of pounds towards a work published by some creditable architect, would beat them all.

I am, Sir, yours truly,
Anti-Socialist.

Mr. Willis.

Wierx, the Engraver.

April 2nd, 1852.

Sir,—I shall be obliged by any reference you can give me, through your interesting columns, to the works and date of an old engraver, "H. Wierx," and oblige

Yours,
W. W. C.

Mr. Willis.

The Pillar Print of Oliver Cromwell.

Brompton, April 10th, 1852.

Dear Sir,—-As this famous Portrait seems to be an object of interest to several of your subscribers, I take the liberty of adding my mite of information concerning it. In the March Number of "Current Notes," p. 21, it is stated that Caulfield valued a good impression of it at £36, but your Correspondent remarks, that "this was all very well for a dealer's valuation," adding, that the one sold at the Strawberry Hill sale was bought by a printseller for £7. 15s. That Caulfield was nearly right in his appreciation, I find confirmed by reference to the Catalogue of the 'extensive and choice collection of Prints' formed by my uncle, the late Robert Morse, Esq. of Clarges Street, Piccadilly, which was sold by auction by the well-known Dodd, May 15th, 1816, and 27 following days. This portrait (Lot 1335), described as "an excellent impression and of the utmost rarity," sold for £30 19s 6d. This, it is true, was in the high and palmy time of print-collecting, as the prices of a few others will testify. James I. by W. Pas, sold for £14 3s 6d. Edward Somerset, Earl of Worcester, by Simon Pas, for £9 9s. Edmond Baron Sheffield, for £10. Sir Julius Cæsar, by Elstracke, for £10 10s. Frances Bridges, Countess of Exeter, by Faithorne, for £10. Lot 3602, Strutt's Dictionary of Engravers, illustrated by 2820 prints, exhibiting specimens of the works of 1680 different engravers, bound in 18 vols. sold for £288 15s. Lot 3600, Vandyck's Works, a magnificent collection of engravings after his paintings, for £198; and others in the same proportion.

Your obedient servant and collaborateur,
Charles Edmonds.

Mr. Willis.

Tokens of the Seventeenth Century.

The notice of Tradesmen's tokens, inserted in the "Current Notes" of Feb. 25th, has attracted more attention than I expected, as besides the letters published in the Notes of March 25th, I have had direct communications from Andover and Downpatrick. In reply to the obliging letter of "K. L." Dublin, I beg to say, that I had seen the engraving of the Cork farthing in Mr. Lindsay's work, but as I did not sufficiently express my meaning, I will now explain what I meant by "the Commonwealth Arms," viz. that the two shields of Arms of England and Ireland were side by side, as shewn on the Token engraved in the "Notes," and precisely in the form they appear on the Coins of the Commonwealth, not separate as on the Cork farthing, one shield on the obverse, the other on the reverse side. They are all scarce: I do not know a single example of these Arms on an English token. Dr. Smith's Catalogue of Irish Tokens was unknown to me; I shall take the first opportunity to procure a copy.

My chief object in writing the notice was to get any information concerning the Tokens of Scotland, whether there are any besides the Royal tokens. The Scotch tokens of the 18th Century, mentioned by your correspondent "M. A. M." are well known, and engraved in the excellent work by Charles Pye, on the "Provincial Coins and Tokens issued from the year 1787 to 1801, Birmingham, 1801."

The following passage from Thoresby, the Leeds historian, who was a celebrated Numismatist in his day, gives the best information I can find on the subject: he says:—

"When private persons first obtained liberty of having their own names inscribed on the Tokens, I cannot learn. Sir William Dick had that favour in Charles I.'s time, but that was in Scotland. It seems to have been otherwise in England. I have by me a copy of an order in Council, whereby it appears that only the King's farthing tokens should be current here,[C] and the privilege of coining them was granted to the Duke of Lennox, and the Marquis of Hamilton, under the Great Seal."

The passage is obscure, and does not sufficiently give the information wanted, as the great bulk of these tokens were issued during the time of the Commonwealth and the reign of Charles II.

The study of Tradesmen's tokens has met with such unmerited contempt from some of our ablest antiquaries, that it seems rash to attempt an apology for them; but any one who is well acquainted with them knows the fund of amusement and instruction that may be derived from them, and if they continue to be slighted as they have been, many specimens will be irretrievably lost to future antiquaries. A few further remarks on them may be interesting to your general readers.

After a careful calculation, I cannot estimate the number of these tokens at less than 40,000, and I think that number less than the real quantity; from various correspondence with collectors, I always find that they have a large number different to mine. Mr. Akerman has described 2461 in his list of London Tokens only. The great loss to the public compelled the Government to put them down under the severest penalties: very large numbers may be picked out of a collection, which would require a dozen to weigh a modern halfpenny; their paltry intrinsic value, no doubt, prompted many unprincipled shopkeepers to issue them, from the profit they derived from the quantity which would be lost, owing to their small size. There is scarcely a village that had not its local currency. I possess tokens of 684 cities, towns, and villages.

Amongst the different trades and professions which appear on the tokens, that of a Musician is seldom met with: the following is an interesting example, and furnishes an early example of Punch—

Henry Laude, Newark, says, "Noe want where these are." The cruel sport of cock fighting is on the token of William Docker, of Leeds, drawer. Gateshead has a punning coat of arms—a goat's head: to the lovers of Heraldry there is a fund of amusement; besides the Arms of the Trading Companies of London, we have the Arms of Corporations, and families. Many of the Corporations issued their tokens: Wotton-under-Edge has, "This farthing token will be owned by the Mayor and Aldermen." The Bristol Corporation farthing is of good size and execution: many different dies were used. It is an exceedingly common token, and remarkable, as being the only one issued in that important commercial town. Many names of towns appear on these tokens, which would puzzle a gazetteer to find out: two names occur to me at this moment, Ozed and Fairefax.

To those who are interested in Tokens, I would recommend the "Reliquiæ Antiquæ Eboracenses, or Remains of Antiquities in Yorkshire," which can be supplied by you: two numbers are published, each containing a plate of Yorkshire Tokens.

William Boyne.

Leeds, April 1852.

The Percy Society have resolved "that considering the present circumstances of the Society, it is expedient that the Society be dissolved at the close of the current year, (30th April next); and that the Books which remain in hand be divided amongst those Members, then not in arrear of their subscriptions, so far as the stock will allow, and with advantage of priority in proportion to the period of subscription."

Monument to the Poet Blair.—"The Glasgow literati propose to erect a monument at Athelstaneford, to the memory of Blair, the author of "The Grave," and other poetical works. Blair was long the parish Minister of Athelstaneford, and is buried in the grave-yard there."—Sunday Times, 11th April.

Boccaccio's Decamerone.

Your Correspondent W. B. M. ("Current Notes" for March last, p. 20), will find a curious account of the auction sale of the Boccaccio, in the third volume of Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron, and a minute description of the precious volume itself in the Bibliotheca Spenceriana, Vol. iv. It is not however "unique." There was a copy in the Blenheim Collection, and another somewhat defective and "cruelly washt and cropt," in the Royal Library at Paris,

Yours truly,
A Bookworm.

Mr. Willis.

William Denham.—Who was a Member of the Goldsmith's Company in the reign of Elizabeth. F. R. S. enquires, "Can any of G. W.'s Correspondents give me any particulars respecting him? If so, I should feel much obliged."

Shakespeare's Characters.

Gainsborough, March 15, 1852.

Sir,—There has gone the round of the papers a paragraph, stating that though individuals of almost every nation appear as characters in one or other of Shakespeare's Plays, yet there never occurs an Irishman. I do not know whether this has been contradicted or not; but it is capable of contradiction, as a distinguished Prelate proved to me by taking down his volume of Shakespeare, containing the Play of Henry V. There in the 3rd Act, Scene 2nd, Fluellen, the Welchman, holds an animated and very characteristic conversation with Capt. Macmorris, an Irishman. The original can be consulted. The Irish peculiarities are well hit off. So much for the charge of omission which has been brought against our great Bard,

I am, Sir, yours, faithfully,
C. S. B.

Mr. Willis.

Queries.

Sir,—I shall be greatly obliged if you will permit me to propound the following queries in your "Current Notes:"

1. Is any endeavour being made to complete that vast work, the "Acta Sanctorum," the last volume of which was published at Brussels in 1845?

2. Where can I see a list of the persons on whom it was proposed by Charles the Second to confer the Order of the Royal Oak?

3. Is there any English translation of the "Aurea Legenda" besides the one by Caxton, and has that translation ever been reprinted?

E. P.

Autographic Biography.

March 6, 1852.

Sir,—I have taken some little pains to find out S. S.'s quere ("Current Notes," Feb. p. 15), without further success than to presume (in the absence of a facsimile) that the "Orford" must be the Earl created 1742, there being a "Kendal" title then in existence: extinct 1743. Your correspondent can, without great difficulty, compare it with those mutilated documents, I should say, that have been so frequently dispersed at the various sales from the stock of Messrs. Upcott, Cole & Co., originally in the Exchequer State Paper Office, from whence no doubt it came.

Yours,
"Magog."

Mr. Willis.

Mrs. Boddington.

29th March, 1852.

Sir—Perhaps some of your readers will kindly afford me some information relative to Mrs. Boddington, authoress of The Gossip's Week, Reminiscences of the Rhine, Sketches of the Pyrenees, and a volume of Poems, published by Longman & Co. in 1839?

Yours obediently,
W.

The Arctic searching Expedition.—No less than twenty Flags have been presented to Captain Sir Edward Belcher, designed and embroidered by the fair fingers of his relatives and friends. Previous to the sailing of the "Assistance," they were displayed on the quarter-deck of that ship, for the inspection of the distinguished visitors who repaired on board to take leave of this distinguished, gallant, and enterprising officer. The following list of their devices and mottoes may not be an uninteresting record:—

1. Black pouncing eagle, white ground, scarlet border. Motto, on scarlet ground,

"SPEED TO THE RESCUE." C. B.

2. Golden lion, blue ground, scarlet border. Garter enclosing, with motto in black,

"WHILST I BREATHE, I HOPE." M. R.

3. Gold anchor, blue ground. Motto,

"HOPE ON—HOPE EVER." E. M.

4. White bear, blue ground. Motto,

"BEAR AND FORBEAR." C. M.

5. Spade, ice-saw, pickaxe, bright green ground. Motto, on black scroll,

"PERSEVERE AND PROSPER." S. C. M.

6. Gold star, crimson ground,

"LEAD THOU US ON." S. A. W.

7. White dove, blue ground. Motto, on scarlet,

"GO FORTH IN FAITH." M. L.

8. Gold star, blue ground. Motto,

"FAITHFUL AND TRUE." E. B.

9. Green wreath, crimson ground. Motto,

"NONE BUT THE BRAVE DESERVE THE CROWN." I. W.

10. Gold lion, scarlet. Motto, on blue garter,

"DANGERS DO NOT DAUNT ME." F. E. P.

11. Fleet greyhound, blue ground. Motto,

"SWIFT ON MY COURSE." C. G. P.

12. Family crest, blue ground. Family motto, on garter,

"LOYAL AU MORT." H. B.

13. Purple, crimson ornament, blue ground. Motto,

"SUCCESS TO THE BRAVE." M. B.

14. Orange silk. Motto, in purple,

"BE OF GOOD COURAGE." M. L. B.

15. Crown in centre. Swallow-tail shape. Gold and blue. Motto,

"SUCCESS TO THE BRAVE." A. S. B. T.

16. Enclosed in a garter, a setting sun; on the garter, a white daisy.

"I WATCH FOR YOUR RETURN." M. A. P.

17. White centre, scarlet border. Motto, in purple,

"BY FAITH AND COURAGE." C. T.

18. Star, white and silver, blue ground. Motto,

"NEVER DESPAIR. VICTORY FOLLOWS THE BRAVE." F. M. H.

19. Greek oak wreath, "BLANCHE" in centre, maize ground. Motto,

"BRIGHT EYES FOR BRAVE HEARTS." B. T.

20. An eagle on rock, breaking his chain, light blue; in the four corners, the initials H. D.—I. D.—S. D. and U. D., light blue ground. Motto,

"ADVERSA REPELLO VIRTUTE." L.

This flag was understood to have been the work of the Hon. Misses Denison, and to have been presented to Sir Edward Belcher by Lady Londesborough.

The flag, said to have been presented, with the motto, "GO IT, NED," was not among the number exhibited.

An Easter Monday Visitor to Woolwich.

To Correspondents.

Orientalis.—In type; must stand over.

The Dramatic Register for 1851, received.

Mr. Meadley.—Four communications, W. S. G., "Wm. Dodd," G., and "A Bookworm," in type, but must stand over.

Pilgrim's Badge, Venice, 26th February, 1852.—Ditto.

An Artist.—Doorway in Woking Church, Surrey, must, and will, be considered.

R. B., New York, 19th March.—Received, and will be attended to.

Literary and Scientific Obituary.

Anderson, Rev. Christopher. Gaelic Scholar, "Annals of the English Bible," &c. Edinburgh. 18th Feb. Aged 70.

Brown, Samuel, Captain Sir. Inventor of Chain Cables, Bridges and Piers of Suspension. Vanbrugh Lodge, Blackheath. 13th March. Aged 76.

Buchanan, Alexander of Govan. Lyric Writer in Glasgow periodicals. 15th February. Aged 38.

Cavé, M. Formerly Director of the Fine Arts in the Ministry of the Interior. Paris. Recently.

Drechsler, Joseph. Musical Composer and Writer. Vienna. Recently. Aged 70.

Gay, Madame Sophie. Journalist. Paris. 4th March.

Jones, Rev. Evan. Welsh Scholar. Editor of various Welsh periodicals. Cardiff. 23rd Feb. Aged 32.

Landseer, John, A.R.A. Engraver and Archæologist. March 29th. Aged 91.

Marchetti, Giovanni. Italian Poet. Bologna. Recently.

Marrast, Armand. Editor of the National before the Revolution of 1848. Paris. March.

Merle, M. Dramatic Critic. Paris. 27th February. Aged 67.

Raupach, Ernest. Dramatic Writer. Berlin. 18th March.

Saint-Edmé, M. Author of the "Dictionnaire des Peines et des Délits de l'Europe," and joint author with M. Sarrut of the "Biographie des Hommes du Jour." Paris. Recently (by his own hand).

Seddeler, M. Military Encyclopedia. St. Petersburgh. 3rd March.

Shoberl, Frederick, jun. Printer. 51, Rupert Street, Haymarket. 22nd March. Aged 48.

Taillefer, M. Ex-curator of the Lyceums of Versailles, and of Louis-le-Grand. Paris. Recently.

Tucker, John, Montmorency. (Colonel late 27th Enniskilleners and a Waterloo Officer.) "Biographies of Wellington and Nelson," &c. Huggens's Asylum, Northfleet, Kent. 22nd February. Aged 72.

Watts, W. Engraver. Cobham, Surrey. 7th December. Aged 99.

West, Jane, Mrs. Poetry and Novels. Little Bowden, Market Harborough. 25th March. Aged 93.

Winterfeldt, Rodolphe de. Musical Writer. Berlin. Recently. Aged 67.

Wright, Andrew Biggs. History of Hexham, &c. Bexley Heath, Kent. 3rd March.

FOOTNOTES:

[A] H. M. will find the drawing so kindly forwarded addressed to him at the Publisher's.

G. W.

[B] See communication from "One of the Executors" of the late Sir Samuel R. Meyrick, printed in "Current Notes" for January last, p. 2.

[C] The word "here" is ambiguous; I suppose "in Scotland" is intended.

Transcriber's Notes:

Obvious punctuation errors repaired.

Page 1, "עשׂוֹן" changed to "עשׂוֹר"

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Table of Contents

- WILLIS'S CURRENT NOTES FOR THE MONTH.

- NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS

- The Ancient Hebrew Harp.

- ARCHÆOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS.

- Publications of Antiquarian Societies, etc. in England and in France.

- Foreign Societies, etc.

- Formation of the Union Jack.

- The Union Jack.

- The Union Jack and Monumental Brasses.

- Monumental Brasses of Lincolnshire.

- Archæological Societies, and their Works.

- Wierx, the Engraver.

- The Pillar Print of Oliver Cromwell.

- Tokens of the Seventeenth Century.

- Boccaccio's Decamerone.

- Shakespeare's Characters.

- Queries.

- Autographic Biography.

- Mrs. Boddington.

- To Correspondents.

- Literary and Scientific Obituary.

- FOOTNOTES:

- THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE