燕丹子
Date: 2007-12-29T00:00:00+00:00
Keywords: China -- History -- Han dynasty; 202 B.C.-220 A.D. -- Anecdotes

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Title: 燕丹子

Author: Anonymous

Release date: December 29, 2007 [eBook #24068]

Language: Chinese

Credits: Produced by Cian-Rong Huang

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Produced by Cian-Rong Huang

燕丹子

燕丹子卷上

燕太子丹質於秦，秦王遇之無禮，不得意，欲求歸。秦王不聽，謬言曰令烏白頭、馬生角，乃可許耳。丹仰天歎，烏即白頭，馬生角。秦王不得已而遣之，為機發之橋，欲陷丹。丹過之，橋為不發。夜到關，關門未開。丹為雞鳴，眾雞皆鳴，遂得逃歸。深怨於秦，求欲復之。奉養勇士，無所不至。丹與其傅麴武書，曰：「丹不肖，生於僻陋之國，長於不毛之地，未嘗得覩君子雅訓、達人之道也。然鄙意欲有所陳，幸傅垂覽之。丹聞丈夫所恥，恥受辱以生於世也；貞女所羞，羞見劫以虧其節也。故有刎喉不顧、據鼎不避者，斯豈樂死而忘生哉，其心有所守也。今秦王反戾天常，虎狼其行，遇丹無禮，為諸侯最。丹每念之，痛入骨髓。計燕國之眾不能敵之，曠年相守，力固不足。欲收天下之勇士，集海內之英雄，破國空藏，以奉養之，重幣甘辭以市於秦。秦貪我賂，而信我辭，則一劍之任，可當百萬之師；須臾之間，可解丹萬世之恥。若其不然，令丹生無面目於天下，死懷恨於九泉。必令諸侯無以為歎，易水之北，未知誰有。此蓋亦子大夫之恥也。謹遣書，願熟思之。」麴武報書曰：「臣聞快於意者虧於行，甘於心者傷於性。今太子欲滅悁悁之恥，除久久之恨，此實臣所當麋軀碎首而不避也。私以為智者不冀僥倖以要功，明者不苟從志以順心。事必成然後舉，身必安而後行。故發無失舉之尤，動無蹉跌之媿也。太子貴匹夫之勇，信一劍之任，而欲望功，臣以為疏。臣願合從於楚，并勢於趙，連衡於韓、魏，然後圖秦，秦可破也。且韓、魏與秦，外親內疏。若有倡兵，楚乃來應，韓、魏必從，其勢可見。今臣計從，太子之恥除，愚鄙之累解矣。太子慮之。」太子得書，不說，召麴武而問之。武曰：「臣以為太子行臣言，則易水之北，永無秦憂，四鄰諸侯必有求我者矣。」太子曰：「此引日縵縵，心不能須也！」麴武曰：「臣為太子計熟矣。夫有秦，疾不如徐，走不如坐。今合楚、趙，并韓、魏，雖引歲月，其事必成。臣以為良。」太子睡臥不聽。麴武曰：「臣不能為太子計。臣所知田光，其人深中有謀。願令見太子。」太子曰：「敬諾！」

燕丹子卷中

田光見太子，太子側階而迎，迎而再拜。坐定，太子丹曰：「傅不以蠻域而丹不肖，乃使先生來降弊邑。今燕國僻在北陲，比於蠻域，而先生不羞之。丹得侍左右，睹見玉顏，斯乃上世神靈保祐燕國，令先生設降辱焉。」田光曰：「結髮立身，以至於今，徒慕太子之高行，美太子之令名耳。太子將何以教之﹖」太子膝行而前，涕淚橫流曰：「丹嘗質於秦，秦遇丹無禮，日夜焦心，思欲復之。論眾則秦多，計強則燕弱。欲曰合從，心復不能。常食不識位，寢不安席。縱令燕秦同日而亡，則為死灰復燃，白骨更生。願先生圖之。」田光曰：「此國事也，請得思之。」於是舍光上館。太子三時進食，存問不絕，如是三月。太子怪其無說，就光辟左右，問曰：「先生既垂哀恤，許惠嘉謀。側身傾聽，三月於斯，先生豈有意歟﹖」田光曰：「微太子言，固將竭之。臣聞騏驥之少，力輕千里，及其罷朽，不能取道。太子聞臣時已老矣。欲為太子良謀，則太子不能；欲奮筋力，則臣不能。然竊觀太子客，無可用者。夏扶，血勇之人，怒而面赤；宋意，脈勇之人，怒而面青；武陽，骨勇之人，怒而面白。光所知荊軻，神勇之人，怒而色不變。為人博聞強記，體烈骨壯，不拘小節，欲立大功。嘗家於衛，脫賢大夫之急十有餘人，其餘庸庸不可稱。太子欲圖事，非此人莫可。」太子下席再拜曰：「若因先生之靈，得交於荊君，則燕國社稷長為不滅。唯先生成之。」田光遂行。太子自送，執光手曰：「此國事，願勿洩之！」光笑曰：「諾。」遂見荊軻，曰「光不自度不肖，達足下於太子。夫燕太子，真天下之士也，傾心於足下，願足下勿疑焉。」荊軻曰：「有鄙志，常謂心向意投身不顧，情有異一毛不拔。今先生令交於太子，敬諾不違。」田光謂荊軻曰：「蓋聞士不為人所疑。太子送光之時，言此國事，願勿洩，此疑光也。是疑而生於世，光所羞也。」向軻吞舌而死。軻遂之燕。

燕丹子卷下

荊軻之燕，太子自御，虛左，軻援綏不讓。自，坐定，賓客滿坐，軻言曰：「田光褒揚太子仁愛之風，說太子不世之器，高行厲天，美聲盈耳。軻出衛都，望燕路，歷險不以為勤，望遠不以為遐。今太子禮之以舊故之恩，接之以新人之敬，所以不復讓者，士信於知己也。」太子曰：「田先生今無恙乎﹖」軻曰：「光臨送軻之時，言太子戒以國事，恥以丈夫而不見信，向軻吞舌而死矣。」太子驚愕失色，歔欷飲淚曰：「丹所以戒先生，豈疑先生哉。今先生自殺，亦令丹自棄於世矣！」茫然良久，不怡民氏日太子置酒請軻，酒酣，太子起為壽。夏扶前曰：「聞士無鄉曲之譽，則未可與論行；馬無服輿之伎，則未可與決良。今荊君遠至，將何以教太子﹖」欲微感之。軻曰：「士有超世之行者，不必合於鄉曲；馬有千里之相者，何必出於服輿。昔呂望當屠釣之時，天下之賤丈夫也；其遇文王，則為周師。騏驥之在鹽車，駑之下也；及遇伯樂，則有千里之功。如此在鄉曲而後發善，服輿而後別良哉！」夏扶問荊軻：「何以教太子﹖」軻曰：「將令燕繼召公之跡，追甘棠之化，高欲令四三王，下欲令六五霸。於君何如也﹖」坐皆稱善。竟酒，無能屈。太子甚喜，自以得軻，永無秦憂。後日與軻之東宮，臨池而觀。軻拾瓦投龜，太子令人奉槃金。軻用抵，抵盡復進。軻曰：「非為太子愛金也，但臂痛耳。」後復共乘千里馬。軻曰：「聞千里馬肝美。」太子即殺馬進肝。暨樊將軍得罪於秦，秦求之急，乃來歸太子。太子為置酒華陽之臺。酒中，太子出美人能琴者。軻曰：「好手琴者！」太子即進之。軻曰：「但愛其手耳。」太子即斷其手，盛以玉槃奉之。太子常與軻同案而食，同床而寢。後日，軻從容曰：「軻侍太子，三年於斯矣，而太子遇軻甚厚，黃金投龜，千里馬肝，姬人好手，盛以玉槃。凡庸人當之，猶尚樂出尺寸之長，當犬馬之用。今軻常侍君子之側，聞烈士之節，死有重於太山，有輕於鴻毛者，但問用之所在耳。太子幸教之。」太子斂袂，正色而言曰：「丹嘗遊秦，秦遇丹不道，丹恥與俱生。今荊君不以丹不肖，降辱小國。今丹以社稷干長者，不知所謂。」軻曰：「今天下彊國莫彊於秦。今太子力不能威諸侯，諸侯未肯為太子用也。太子率燕國之眾而當之，猶使羊將狼，使狼追虎耳。」太子曰：「丹之憂計久，不知安出﹖」軻曰：「樊於期得罪於秦，秦求之急。又督亢之地，秦所貪也。今得樊於期首、督亢地圖，則事可成也。」太子曰：「若事可成，舉燕國而獻之，丹甘心焉。樊將軍以窮歸我，而丹賣之，心不忍也。」軻默然不應。居五月，太子恐軻悔，見軻曰：「今秦已破趙國，兵臨燕，事已迫急。雖欲足下計，安施之﹖今欲先遣武陽，何如﹖ 」軻怒曰：「何太子所遣，往而不返者，豎子也！軻所以未行者，待吾客耳。」於是軻潛見樊於期曰：「聞將軍得罪於秦，父母妻子皆見焚燒，求將軍邑萬戶、金千斤。軻為將軍痛之。今有一言，除將軍之辱，解燕國之恥，將軍豈有意乎﹖ 」於期曰：「常念之，日夜飲淚，不知所出。荊君幸教，願聞命矣！」軻曰：「今願得將軍之首，與燕督亢地圖進之，秦王必喜。喜必見軻，軻因左手把其袖，右手椹其胸，數以負燕之罪，責以將軍之讎。而燕國見陵雪，將軍積忿之怒除矣。」於期起，扼腕執刀曰：「是於期日夜所欲，而今聞命矣！」於是自剄，頭墜背後，兩目不瞑。太子聞之，自駕馳往，伏於期屍而哭，悲不自勝。良久，無奈何，遂函盛於期首與燕督亢地圖以獻秦，武陽為副。荊軻入秦，不擇日而發，太子與知謀者皆素衣冠送之，於易水之上。荊軻起為壽，歌曰：「風蕭蕭兮易水寒，壯士一去兮不復還。」高漸離擊筑，宋意和之。為壯聲則髮怒衝冠，為哀聲則士皆流涕。二人皆升車，終已不顧也。二子行過，夏扶當車前刎頸以送。二子行過陽翟，軻買肉爭輕重，屠者辱之，武陽欲擊，軻止之。西入秦，至咸陽，因中庶子蒙白曰：「燕太子丹畏大王之威，今奉樊於期首與督亢地圖，願為北蕃臣妾。」秦王喜。百官陪位，陛戟數百，見燕使者。軻奉於期首，武陽奉地圖。鐘鼓並發，群臣皆呼萬歲。武陽大恐，兩足不能相過，面如死灰色。秦王怪之。軻顧武陽前，謝曰：「北蕃蠻夷之鄙人，未見天子。願陛下少假借之，使得畢事於前。」秦王曰：「軻起，督亢圖進之。」秦王發圖，圖窮而匕首出。軻左手把秦王袖，右手椹其胸，數之曰：「足下負燕日久，貪暴海內，不知厭足。於期無罪而夷其族。軻將海內報讎。今燕王母病，與軻促期，從吾計則生，不從則死。」秦王曰：「今日之事，從子計耳！乞聽琴聲而死。」召姬人鼓琴，琴聲曰：「羅縠單衣，可掣而絕。八尺屏風，可超而越。鹿盧之劍，可負而拔。」軻不解音。秦王從琴聲負劍拔之，於是奮袖超屏風而走，軻拔匕首擿之，決秦王，耳入銅柱，火出。秦王還斷軻兩手。軻因倚柱而笑，箕踞而罵，曰：「吾坐輕易，為豎子所欺。燕國之不報，我事之不立哉！」

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